It is important to remember that patterns can be combined (e.g. a Qing Yi Se Chao Ping Hu is worth 5 Doubles) and the total number of Doubles should include Doubles from Flowers, Animals, Winds & Dragons.

A Ping Hu or Chao Ping Hu hand has 4 sets of Chi and a pair.  The pair cannot be anything that will give a Double if Ponged (i.e. no dragon pairs, no pairs of prevailing or player’s own wind).  The hand must ultimately be calling for at least two tiles. This means if a player is waiting for only 1 tile, the player can only game by Zhi Mo).

A Ping Hu is a hand that does not have any flowers or animals, it does not have to be concealed (note that only a maximum of three melds can be exposed, otherwise it is obvious the player cannot be calling for at least two tiles) & is worth 4 Doubles.

A Chao Ping Hu hand has flowers or animals, does not have to be concealed (note that only a maximum of three melds can be exposed, otherwise it is obvious the player cannot be calling for at least two tiles) and is worth 1 Double.

Often, an extra Double is given if the Ping Hu or Chao Ping Hu is concealed.

A Pong Pong hand has 4 sets of Pong/Kong and a pair.  The hand does not have to be concealed & is worth 2 Doubles. Additional doubles can be added for Dragons and/or prevailing or player's winds.

The hand can have 4 sets of either Chi/Pong/Kong and a pair.  However, all tiles in the hand must be of one suit.  The hand does not have to be concealed & is worth 4 Doubles. Additional doubles can be added for Ping Hu or Chao Ping Hu or Pong Pong hands.

This hand consists of 4 sets of either Chi/Pong/Kong and a pair.  The tiles are a mixture of Winds/Dragons and tiles of one suit. The hand does not have to be concealed & is worth 2 Doubles. Additional doubles can be added for Dragons and/or prevailing or player's winds.